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During the decomposition of organic matter, one of the primary compounds produced is carbon dioxide. Microorganisms break down organic materials, such as dead plants and animals, and during this biological process, they oxidize carbon-based molecules, releasing carbon dioxide as a byproduct. This is a crucial part of the carbon cycle, as it contributes to atmospheric carbon levels and is essential for plant photosynthesis.

Ammonia, while it can be produced during the decomposition process, specifically occurs when nitrogen-containing organic compounds are decomposed. This conversion is part of nitrification and ammonification processes, which are later steps that follow initial decomposition. Nitrous oxide and nitrate are also products of nitrogen cycling, but they are more related to subsequent soil processes like denitrification and nitrification, respectively, rather than the direct decomposition of organic matter.

In summary, carbon dioxide is a principal product of organic matter decomposition, highlighting its role in energy release and carbon cycling in the ecosystem.